Behind the scene of pet food industry

Pet food industry may look shiny and appealing. Which of our dogs, cats, chinchillas, hamsters don’t like the fancy best products in the market?

With the help of Mrs Jackie Ford who offered me a huge amount of articles regarding the reality in pet food industry production, I decided to give you all at least a hint about the real facts and tests many animals are put to in order for you to buy the next best care product for your pet.

Dead Dogs and Cats Used to Make Pet Food
Healthy Pet Food? Aren’t They All? by Will Falconer
The truth about Pet Food
Poisons in Pet Food

Posted in Alarm signals | Tagged , | Leave a comment

The wonderful world of insects

All these species are divided up into about 32 orders, depending on whose taxonomic system you use, of which, the largest is the Beetles, or Coleoptera, with 125 different families and around 500,000 species they are an incredibly diverse group of animals. In fact, one in every four animal species on this planet is a beetle.

On the land however there isn’t anyhere you can go that you can’t find some insects, even in the frozen extremes of Arctica and Antartica you will find some insects alive and active during the warmer months.

You will find that insects are ubiquitous, they are in the soil beneath your feet, in the air above your head, on and in the bodies of the plants and animals around you, as well as on and in you.

Some of the most adventurous insect are the Brine Flies (Ephydra), you can find them living in the strangest places including, the larva of Ephydra hyans in Mono Lake California which is nearly as salty as the Dead Sea, the larva of Psilopa petrolei in pools of crude oil also in California, and the adults and larva of Scatella thermarum in the hot springs of Iceland, the adults live on the mats of algae which float on the water’s surface, and the larva live beneath the mats and in water, which is as hot as 48 degrees Celsius, which, for most people, is too hot to put your hand into.

There are several different ways of measuring the size of an insect, most people would consider the largest insect to be the bulkiest, in this case the champion insect is the Acteon Beetle (Megasoma acteon) from South America the males of which can be 9cms long by 5cms wide by 4cms thick, however there is a serious challange for heaviest insect in the world in the form of the True Wetas from New Zealand.

However other insects are larger in other ways, the longest insect in the world is the Stick-Insect Pharnacia kirbyi, the females of which can be over 36cm long. Some living lepidoptera have wingspans as great as 32cm and an area of over 300 square cms.

There are an incredible number of very small insects in the world, far more than there are giants. Many beetles are less than one millimetre in length, and the North American Feather-winged Beetle Nanosella fungi, at 0.25mm, is a serious contender for the title of smallest insect in the world. Other insect orders which contain extremely small members are the Diptera (True Flies) and the Collembola (Springtails).

Thank Mr. Gordon Ramel for the story and World Wild Foundation for the pictures.

Posted in In The Field | Tagged , | Leave a comment

Food and Water Watch

Food

Sustainable and local; chemical free; humanely raised; family farmed; clearly labeled–that’s what we want. Factory farms for animals and fish; dangerous practices that lead to diseases like mad cow; and risky technologies like irradiation—that’s what we are fighting to prevent.

Water

The right to water for people and nature; safe, affordable and publicly controlled; citizen participation; investment in infrastructure – that’s what we want. Privatization of fresh water and ocean resources; pollution and depletion of water resources by agriculture and industry – that’s what we are fighting to prevent.

In a Nutshell…

We are working with grassroots organizations and other allies around the world to stop the corporate control of our food and water. We are committed to creating an economically and environmentally viable future.

More information here

Posted in Alarm signals | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Present and Future in a Green Environment

In the past, the major need of people in this world was arable land. Man did not have to think about animate things. However, now the adverse effects on forests through over-population and the development of various chemical elements in the atmosphere have led to irregular rainfall and global warming. This global warming has brought changes in climate, including making perennial snow mountains melt, thereby adversely affecting not only human beings but also other living species.

This dangerous situation is being taken very seriously by the world. In the past the perennial snow mountains of Tibet had very thick snow. Older people say that these mountains were covered with thick snow when they were young and that the snows are getting sparser which may be an indication of the end of the world. It is a fact that climate change is a slow process taking thousands of years to realize its effect. Living beings and plant life on this planet also undergo change accordingly. Man’s physical structure too changes from generation to generation along with the change in climatic conditions.

Because of the growth in the population, a large number of trees are cur for fuel, and to reclaim land for agricultural cultivation. In the case of Tibet, too, the Chinese have now destroyed its ancient trees in a similar way to shaving a man’s off. This is not simply the destruction of trees but it also means harming what belongs to the Tibetans. Similarly, the continuing decline in forests in many parts of the world, including America, is adversely affecting the already changing global climate, thus upsetting the lives, not only of mankind, but also of all living beings.

Similarly, the harmful effect on the atmosphere brought about by chemical emissions in industrialized countries is a very dangerous sign. Although this is a new thing for us Tibetans, the world is paying a lot of attention to this problem. It is the responsibility of us, who speak of the welfare of all sentient beings, to contribute towards this.

Since I too have a responsibility in this matter, (i.e. to work for the protection of the environment and to see that the present and future generations of mankind can make use of refreshing shade and fruits of trees), I bought these seeds of fruit-bearing” trees with part of my Nobel Peace Prize money to be distributed now, to people representing different regions (all the continents of the world are represented here) during this Kalachakra gathering. These seeds have been kept near the Kalachakra mandala for purification and blessings. Since these include seeds of apricot, walnut, papaya, guava, etc., suitable for planting under varying geographical conditions, experts in respective places ’should be consulted on their planting and care and, thus, you all should see my sincere aspiration is fulfilled.

This speech was made during the Kalachakra Initiation at Sarnath. India on December 29. 1990 when His Holiness, Dalai Lama distributed seeds of fruit-bearing trees to encourage environmental protection through planting.

Posted in Alarm signals | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

The Vampire Fish between reality and myth

The Vampire Fish or Candirú or Canero (Vandellia cirrhosa) is a freshwater fish belonging to the Catfish group. The species grows only to being one to two inches in length and four to six millimeters wide. It is shaped like an eel and is almost completely transparent, making it almost impossible to see in the water. A fast, powerful swimmer, the fish is smooth and slimy, with sharp teeth and backward-pointing spines on its gill. The Candiru is primarily found in the Amazon and Oranoco rivers and has a reputation among the natives as the most feared fish in its waters.

Parasitism

The candirú parasitizes other fish. It swims into the gill cavities of other fish, erects a spine to hold itself in place, and feeds on the blood in the gills, earning it a nickname as the “vampire fish of Brazil.” In 2004, research determined that candirú do not suck blood, but rather latch on to an artery and have blood pumped into them.

Commonly referred to as the “willy fish” by natives, it is feared because it is attracted to urine, and if the bather is nude it will swim into an orifice (the vagina, rectum, or even the penis—and deep into the urethra) and because of spines protruding from the fish, it is almost impossible to remove except through surgery. The fish locates its host by following a water flow to its source and thus urinating while bathing increases the chance of a candirú homing in on a human urethra. Natives have also been known to bathe facing the current, as doing so would decrease the chances of the organism lodging itself in the rectum. Other orifices such as the penis or vagina are covered up with the use of hands.

A well-circulated myth is that the candirú is capable of swimming up the stream of urine in mid-air to a victim standing on shore or a boat. This is physically impossible as the maximum swimming velocity of the fish is opposed by the downward velocity of the urine stream, and the further impossible act of the 5-14 mm wide fish maintaining position and thrust within a 2-7 mm wide column of fluid. Furthermore, when humans urinate the stream breaks apart instead of staying together as a perfect stream.

A traditional cure involves the use of two plants, the Xagua plant (Genipa americana) and the Buitach apple which are inserted (or their extract in the case of tight spaces) into the affected area. These two plants together will kill and then dissolve the fish. More often, infection causes shock and death in the victim before the candirú can be removed. Though there have been documented candirú attacks on humans, there is no evidence the fish can survive once inside a human. It was recently sought after by Nick Baker, a wildlife specialist on British TV in a series about the world’s strangest animals.

Posted in In The Field | Tagged , , , , | 5 Comments

Bee behavior

Bee behavior refers to what bees do-as individuals and as a colony. By studying their behavior, we may learn how to change it to our benefit.Two practical discoveries of bee behavior made our beekeeping of today possible. One was the discovery by Langstroth of bee space. The other was the discovery by G. M. Doolittle that large numbers of queens could be reared by transferring larvae to artificial queen cups. The discovery of the “language” of bees and of their use of polarized light for navigation has attracted considerable interest all over the world.

Much has been learned about the behavior of insects, including bees, in recent years. As an example, the term “pheromone” had not been coined in 1953, when Ribbands summarized the subject of bee behavior in his book, The Behavior and Social Life of Honeybees. A pheromone is a substance secreted by an animal that causes a specific reaction by another individual of the same species. Now many bee behavior activities can be explained as the effect of various pheromones.

Recently, we have learned how certain bee behavior activities are inherited, and this information gives us a vast new tool to tailor-make the honey bee of our choice. Further studies should reveal other ways to change bees to produce specific strains for specific uses.

Queen Making & Swarming
1. Bees construct up to 20 wax queen cells, which are acorn like and point downwards.
2. The queen lays fertilised eggs in each queen cell.
3. The young (nurse) bees feed the young queen larvae with a rich creamy food called Royal Jelly, and extend the cell downwards until it is about 25mm in length.
4. Nine days after laying, the first queen cell is sealed with a layer of wax capping.
5. This is the time for a large swarm (called a prime swarm) of bees leaves the hive led by the older bees. The old queen has been starved of food to make her lighter and able to fly. The older bees can jole the old queen to join the swarm.
6. Eight days later first virgin queen leaves her cell. Two things can now occur, either the first virgin queen leads a smaller swarm from the hive (called a cast) or she locates the other queen cells and kills her sisters by stinging through the wax wall of their cells.

7. About one week later the young queen takes her first flight to orientate her to her new surroundings.
8. The queen will shortly take several matting flights in which she will mate with up to 20 male bees called drones.
9. Three days later the mated queen will begin to lay fertilised eggs.
10. This queen will stay with the colony until at least the following year when she too may lead a prime swarm.

Photo sources: Bee Behavior.

Posted in In The Field | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Feathers of Seduction

The bird off paradise species was described from specimens brought back to Europe from trading expeditions. These specimens had been prepared by native traders by removing their wings and feet so that they might be used as decorations. This was not known to the explorers and led to the belief that these birds never landed but were kept permanently aloft by their plumes. This is the origin of both the name “birds of paradise” and the specific name apoda – without feet.

Most species have elaborate mating rituals, with the Paradisaea species having a lek-type mating system. Others, such as the Cicinnurus and Parotia species, have highly ritualized mating dances. Males are polygamous in the sexually dimorphic species. Hybridization is frequent in these birds. Many hybrids have been described as new species, and in some forms, such as Rothschild’s Lobe-billed Bird of Paradise, even today some doubt remains whether they might not be valid.

Societies of New Guinea often use bird of paradise plumes in their dress and rituals, and the plumes were very important in Europe in ladies’ millinery in past centuries. Hunting for plumes and habitat destruction have reduced some species to endangered status; habitat destruction due to deforestation is now the predominant threat.

Hunting birds of paradise for their plumes for the millinery trade was expensive in the late 19th and early 20th century (Cribb 1997), but today the birds enjoy legal protection and hunting is only permitted at a sustainable level to fulfill the ceremonial needs of the local tribal population. In the case of Pteridophora plumes, scavenging from old bowerbird bowers is encouraged. When King Mahendra of Nepal was crowned in 1955, it was found that the bird of paradise plumes of the Nepali royal crown were in need of replacement. Due to the hunting ban, replacements were eventually procured from a confiscated shipment seized by United States Customs.

Hunting of birds of paradise has occurred for a long time, possibly since the beginning of human settlement. It is a peculiarity that among the most frequently-hunted species, males start mating opportunistically even before they grow their ornamental plumage. This may be an adaptation maintaining population levels in the face of hunting pressures, which have probably been present for 30 millennia.

An adult-plumaged male bird of paradise is depicted on the flag of Papua New Guinea. David Attenborough has nominated some bird of paradise as his favourite animal species, probably referring to Wilson’s Bird of Paradise.

Posted in In The Field | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment